The composite iteration algorithm for finding efficient and financially fair risk-sharing rules

We consider the problem of finding an efficient and fair ex-ante rule for division of an uncertain monetary outcome among a finite number of von Neumann–Morgenstern agents. Efficiency is understood here, as usual, in the sense of Pareto efficiency subject to the feasibility constraint. Fairness is defined as financial fairness with respect to a predetermined pricing functional. We show that efficient and financially fair allocation rules are in one-to-one correspondence with positive eigenvectors of a nonlinear homogeneous and monotone mapping associated to the risk sharing problem. We establish relevant properties of this mapping. On the basis of this, we obtain a proof of existence and uniqueness of solutions via nonlinear Perron–Frobenius theory, as well as a proof of global convergence of the natural iterative algorithm. We argue that this algorithm is computationally attractive, and discuss its rate of convergence.     

Collaborative apparel consumption in the digital sharing economy: An agenda for academic inquiry

While apparel businesses leveraging the sharing economy have begun to emerge in recent years, academic research on “sharing” consumption for apparel is extremely limited. To fill this research gap, the researchers analyze current literature to present a conceptual framework that offers a durable theoretical foundation about the concept of collaborative consumption for apparel. Using a metatheory approach, the researchers develop a framework that explores how two major Internet‐supported collaborative consumption modes (utility‐based nonownership and redistributed ownership) manifest in an apparel context. Next, the researchers explore the implications of each consumption mode to understand the consumer's relationship with the product, peers, and businesses involved in these sharing schemes. A series of research propositions are also developed to stimulate discussion and future research about collaborative apparel consumption.     

Enablers for end‐user entrepreneurship: An investigation on Italian food bloggers

This article examines unconventional entrepreneurship (accidental or end‐user entrepreneurs) to determine whether the decision‐making phase of the entrepreneurial process is collective. The analysis identified a virtuous circle that links knowledge, innovation, judgment, and decision making to collective interactions built on passion, experience, and sharing. To study food bloggers as unconventional user entrepreneurs, data were collected and analyzed using netnographic analysis. A supplementary online survey of food bloggers and their followers was also performed. Three groups of food bloggers are identified: amusing, functional, and fervent. Only fervent food bloggers, thanks to the virtuous circle built on passion, experience, and sharing as enablers, can be considered accidental or end‐user entrepreneurs.     

Assessing the welfare effects of congestion charges in a real world setting

The standard textbook analysis shows that drivers as a group lose from congestion charges. However, it omits taste heterogeneity, shorter travel times far out in the larger network arising from less blocking back of upstream links and the possibility for drivers to reschedule. Taking account of these factors, using a dynamic scheduling model with heterogeneous users we find that all three add significantly to the benefit of the Stockholm congestion charges and that drivers as a group benefit from these charges even without recycling of revenues. This paper also provides an update on the consumer benefits of the Stockholm charges.     

供给侧改革背景下我国城市建设用地最优规模分析

本文基于边际等值原理，综合城市经济效益、社会效益、环境效益以及建设效益，构建多因子城市建设用地最优规模决策模型，并结合我国城市建设用地供给实际进行分析。结果显示：2001～2015年，我国城市发展经历了从建设用地短缺到最优及至过剩的过程，对建设用地增长的强依赖逐渐转变为弱依赖。城市建设用地增长与边际建设效益弱相关；与边际经济效益之间呈库兹涅茨倒U型曲线关系；与边际社会效益呈正相关、边际环境效益呈负相关。目前我国城市建设用地已经达到最优规模，其中建设用地供给与经济发展失调，是导致净效益下降的主要动因。     

地理信息系统在农业决策服务中的应用

[目的]近年来,GIS技术逐渐渗透到农业各环节,在助力提高农业生产效率和经营效益等方面,发挥出越来越重要的作用,为农业现代化发展带来了生机和活力,文章将介绍地理信息系统技术在农业部农业决策服务系统建设过程中的应用,与农业系统从业者分享我们的GIS应用经验。[方法]在构建我国农业决策服务系统过程中,根据我国农业产业特征,选择以Eclipes为开发环境,以Oracle 11gR2为数据库,以SuperMapGIS-T ServerV2.0为服务发布管理平台,以国家测绘局提供的空间地理数据为基础,综合运用WebGIS、REST架构等先进技术,把全国农业生产、经营、流通、管理范围内的地理信息进行分类编制,建成一个功能齐全、应用方便的农业决策服务系统,从而实现了把GIS技术在农业部管理决策层面上的应用。[结果]通过深入调研、走访和分析,迄今历时2年时间,在设计并搭建农业部电子政务内网应用支撑平台的基础上,经研究策划,初步建成了农业部决策服务系统。[结论]GIS技术在农业决策服务中有巨大的应用潜力,不仅可为农业决策服务系统提供空间分析和可视化方法,而且通过该决策服务系统的运行,还能够实现农业部门提供日常监管和应急决策所迫切需要的空间信息。因此,GIS技术在农业决策服务中的应用前景广阔。GIS技术在农业决策服务系统建设过程中的应用,尤其是系统建设思路和架构,对继续探索GIS技术在农业各业务领域中的应用和农业信息平台研发,都将有较大的借鉴作用。     

农业生态旅游对区域经济的贡献及影响研究——以武汉市黄陂区为研究对象

[目的]农业生态旅游的发展逐渐成为区域经济新的增长点,分析农业生态旅游对区域经济的贡献及负面影响,协调两者间的关系,对于区域经济可持续发展具有重要意义。[方法]文章通过文献查阅和数据调查法,以武汉市黄陂区为研究对象,分析其农业生态旅游对区域经济的贡献及负面影响。[结果]农业生态旅游对黄陂区域经济的贡献主要表现在有效地促进区域现代农业的发展、产业结构的调整、农民就业及国民经济的增长,然而也存在农业生态旅游投资大、农民获利不均等因素直接影响区域经济发展以及农业生态环境遭受破坏后间接影响区域经济发展等负面影响。因此政府有必要提前科学规划农业生态旅游,提供支持引导,培养和提高公民的生态环保意识,保障社会、经济和环境的协调发展。[结论]鉴于黄陂区农业生态旅游对区域经济的贡献高于负面影响,为进一步保障区域经济的可持续发展,建议综合协调各个方面,将负面影响降到最低,以其为推动今后社会主义新农村建设提供一定参考。     

Information Sharing and Financial Sector Development in Africa

This study investigates the effect information sharing has on financial sector development in 53 African countries for the period 2004 to 2011. Information sharing is measured with private credit bureaus and public credit registries. Hitherto unexplored dimensions of financial sector development are employed, namely: financial sector dynamics of formalization, informalization, and non-formalization. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The following findings are established. Information-sharing bureaus increase (reduce) formal (informal/non-formal) financial sector development. In order to ensure that information-sharing bureaus improve (decrease) formal (informal/non-formal) financial development, public credit registries should have between 45.45 and 50% coverage while private credit bureaus should have at least 26.25% coverage.     

中国突发性环境污染事件的走势及其治理

水污染、大气污染和固体废物污染是中国突发性环境污染事件的主要构成部分,中国突发性环境污染事件的发生频次呈现出直线下降的趋势,说明我国的环境保护确已取得了显著成效,但这也是建立在大量经济投入与付出的基础之上的。中国突发性环境污染事件的环保经济效益却是直线式地越来越差,不过,环保人本效益却无大幅度的扩增,此外,新型的海洋污染之类的事件也不容忽视。最后,针对治污问题,提出了相应的举措。     

浅析“互联网+”时代分享经济的大力发展

随着互联网的快速发展,分享经济逐渐由传统向行、住等多种领域渗透,获得人们的广泛关注和使用,正处于经济发展的风尖浪口。虽然分享经济在我国发展较快,但是起步较晚,在发展过程中也会受到一些阻碍,本文主要介绍在"互联网+"时代分享经济发展的重要意义,当前的主要表现形式以及如何更好地发展。